BPC-157
A synthetic pentadecapeptide derived from a sequence found in gastric juice, studied across biochemical, cellular and preclinical repair research.
GEPPPGKPADDAGLV
- Nonpolar11
- Acidic (−)3
- Basic (+)1
- 15 residues
Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val
BPC-157 is a laboratory-synthesised oligopeptide of fifteen amino acids — a "pentadecapeptide" — representing a specific sequence originally identified within a larger protein found in gastric tissue. In research it is handled as an isolated, well-characterised peptide with consistent physicochemical properties, which makes it a popular tool across biochemical, cellular and preclinical studies.
Research use only. BPC-157 is supplied strictly for in-vitro laboratory research. This page does not describe dosing, administration, or use in humans or animals, and makes no therapeutic claims.
What researchers study
In biochemical and cell-based work, BPC-157 has been observed to interact with several signalling pathways, including those associated with nitric-oxide-related processes, growth-factor signalling, and regulators of cytoskeletal dynamics. The molecular and cellular effects reported across studies vary substantially with the experimental model, peptide concentration, exposure time and methodology — so BPC-157 is used primarily as a probe for short-peptide signalling mechanisms rather than to draw conclusions about defined biological outcomes.
Typical research applications include:
- Analysing short-peptide signalling mechanisms in vitro
- Exploring nitric-oxide-associated and growth-factor-related pathways
- Investigating cytoskeletal organisation and cell–matrix interaction behaviour
- Mechanistic study in preclinical or ex-vivo models
How it is supplied
BPC-157 is supplied as a lyophilised vial with a batch-specific Certificate of Analysis (HPLC + mass spectrometry), and must be kept refrigerated at 2–8°C for stability. It also appears as a component in several research compound sets, including the Glow Stack, Wolverine Stack and Klow Stack, where it is studied alongside other peptides.
Related reading
- New to the topic? Start with what are research peptides?
- Compare combined formulations in what is the Glow Stack?
Synthetic 15-amino-acid peptide (sequence GEPPPGKPADDAGLV; PubChem CID 9941957, CAS 137525-51-0, C62H98N16O22, MW ~1419.5) derived from a partial sequence of a protein found in human gastric juice. In preclinical models it is reported to promote angiogenesis and cytoprotection mainly by upregulating VEGF/VEGFR2 signalling and activating the nitric oxide pathway (eNOS via the Src-Caveolin-1 axis), with additional reported effects on growth-factor and FAK-paxillin signalling that drive endothelial cell migration and tissue repair. Mechanistic data are from animal and in vitro studies, not confirmed in humans.
- Human evidence
- Extensive animal/preclinical studies; only a few very small human pilot studies, no completed large or randomized clinical trials. A 2025 systematic review (orthopaedic sports medicine) screened 544 articles and found only 1 clinical study met inclusion criteria. Not approved for any indication.
- Regulatory status
- Not FDA-approved for any use and no USP monograph. Added to the FDA's 503A interim Category 2 ("significant safety risk") list in 2023, then removed from Category 2 in April 2026 (~April 22) as a procedural/transitional step tied to a fresh review cycle — this is NOT approval or authorization to compound. PCAC review of BPC-157 (free base and acetate) is scheduled for July 23-24, 2026 (docket FDA-2025-N-6895); the committee vote is advisory only and formal FDA rulemaking to add it to the 503A bulks list would still be required before licensed compounding, and even then it would be prescription-compounded, not OTC or FDA-approved.
- Studied in animal models for tendon, ligament and muscle injury healing and connective-tissue repair.
- Investigated preclinically for gastrointestinal protection and healing (gut/ulcer models; nominated for ulcerative colitis in the 503A context).
- Examined in laboratory and in vitro studies for angiogenesis, wound healing and cytoprotection across tissues.
- Researched in preclinical neurological and vascular models for nerve and blood-vessel effects.
- No completed large-scale human safety trials; published human data are limited to small pilot studies. An IRB-approved pilot IV-infusion study (only 2 participants, up to 20 mg) reported no measurable changes in cardiac, liver, kidney, thyroid or glucose biomarkers and no reported side effects, but the sample is far too small to establish a safety profile.
- Theoretical, unproven tumour concern: because BPC-157 is reported to promote VEGF/VEGFR2-driven angiogenesis, some reviewers note it could in principle support blood supply to a pre-existing tumour. No human study has tracked cancer incidence; this remains theoretical and not demonstrated, and the literature is divided.
- The FDA has cautioned that BPC-157 could trigger an immune response depending on route of administration, and has flagged potential peptide-related impurities, difficult API characterization, and incomplete safety information.
- Gray-market research-use products carry purity and identity uncertainty (anti-doping bodies have warned unregulated vials may not contain what is labelled). BPC-157 is also prohibited in sport under WADA as an S0 non-approved substance (since 2022), with documented athlete sanctions.
- Protocol dose
- 300 mcg
1× daily
- Cartridge strength
- 10 mg / 3 mL pen
- Mass per click
- 33.33 mcg
10 mg ÷ 300 clicks
- Pen clicks per dose
- 9 clicks ≈ 300 mcg
- Frequency
- 1× daily
Reported research parameters drawn from the cited literature — provided for reference only. These are not dosing, usage, or medical recommendations.